Gut health: opportunities and challenges
نویسنده
چکیده
Introduction Optimal gastrointestinal health and functionality is essential for sustainable animal production. Effective functionality (digestion and absorption of feed) and immune status of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are important factors in determining animal performance. Several complex mechanisms are involved in GIT functionality and health, therefore it is crucial to deepen our knowledge of these interactions to develop strategies for the modulation of GIT functionality and health. Over the last few decades, the adoption of genetic selection for high growth and reproductive traits, the implementation of advanced husbandry techniques, clarity of understanding in digestive physiology and dietary requirements of farmed animals has led to significant improvements in productive performance. In this regard, a crucial question for animal scientists is: “Has animal performance reached its genetic/physiological limits?” It is within this context that the concept of “gut health” has started to attract significant interest within the animal science community. However, while gut health is an increasingly important topic in animal nutrition, a clear scientific definition is still lacking. While in human medicine gut health is often associated with the “absence of clinical diseases”, this definition cannot be applied to farm animals as it is well known that animal performance can be impaired without any clinical signs of disease.
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